Share:


An analysis of intrinsic motivators about the effect of social media usage on artistic creativity in university in China

    Lei Wang Affiliation
    ; Julina Binti Ismail Kamal Affiliation

Abstract

With the development of the information age, social media has become an important channel for students to communicate, interact and obtain information online. This research combines analyses of social media use and factors linked to intrinsic motivation to examine the influence of these factors on university students’ creativity through the Internet. The discussion presented here starts from the viewpoint that intrinsic motivation plays an important role in the correlation between social media and students’ creativity. This study randomly surveyed 416 students from Chinese universities majoring in art to investigate the impact of social media on their levels of creativity. The analysis focused on understanding these students’ intrinsic motivation to engage in Internet use. The conclusions show that social media has a considerable impact on their creativity. Under the influence of intrinsic motivation, students’ creativity can be considerably boosted. Furthermore, it also shows that different intrinsic motivations have different effects on creativity levels. Therefore, the study is suggested that the education sector in China still needs to pay more attention to the development of students’ creative approaches to achieve better educational outcomes.

Keyword : artistic creativity, entertainment, immersion, information, intrinsic motivation, professional advancement, self-expression, social interaction, social media effect, university students

How to Cite
Wang, L., & Ismail Kamal, J. B. (2024). An analysis of intrinsic motivators about the effect of social media usage on artistic creativity in university in China. Creativity Studies, 17(2), 495–518. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2024.20024
Published in Issue
Nov 6, 2024
Abstract Views
169
PDF Downloads
58
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Abi-Jaoude, E., Treurnicht Naylor, K., & Pignatiello, A. (2020). Smartphones, social media use and youth mental health. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 192(6), 136–141. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.190434

Abraham, A. 2018. The neuroscience of creativity. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316816981

Acar, S., Neumayer, M., & Burnett, C. (2021). Social media use and creativity: Exploring the influences on ideational behavior and creative activity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 55(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.432

Afthanorhan, A., Ghazali, P. L., & Rashid, N. (2021). Discriminant validity: A comparison of CBSEM and consistent PLS using Fornell & Larcker and HTMT approaches. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1874. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1874/1/012085

Ansari, J. A. N., & Khan, N. A. (2020). Exploring the role of social media in collaborative learning the new domain of learning. Smart Learning Environments, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-020-00118-7

Arif, M., Qaisar, N., & Kanwal, S. (2022). Factors affecting students’ knowledge sharing over social media and individual creativity: An empirical investigation in Pakistan. The International Journal of Management Education, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100598

Arzate Cruz, Ch., & Ramirez Uresti, J. A. (2017). Player-centered game AI from a flow perspective: Towards a better understanding of past trends and future directions. Entertainment Computing, 20, 11–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2017.02.003

Ashraf, M. A., Khan, M. N., Chohan, S. R., Khan, M., Rafique, W., Farid, M. F., & Khan, A. U. (2021). Social media improves students’ academic performance: Exploring the role of social media adoption in the open learning environment among international medical students in China. Healthcare, 9(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101272

Ács, P., Betlehem, J., Oláh, A., Bergier, J., Melczer, C., Prémusz, V., & Makai, A. (2020). Measurement of public health benefits of physical activity: Validity and reliability study of the international physical activity questionnaire in Hungary. BMC Public Health, 20 (Supplement 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08508-9

Balakrishnan, V., & Chin Lay, G. (2016). Students’ learning styles and their effects on the use of social media technology for learning. Telematics and Informatics, 33(3), 808–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.12.004

Barbot, B., Besançon, M., & Lubart, T. (2015). Creative potential in educational settings: Its nature, measure, and nurture. Education 3-13: International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education, 43(4), 371–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2015.1020643

Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497

Bennett, S., Bishop, A., Dalgarno, B., Waycott, J., & Kennedy, G. (2012). Implementing Web 2.0 technologies in higher education: A collective case study. Computers and Education, 59(2), 524–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.12.022

Bernhardt, J. M., Alber, J., & Gold, R. S. (2014). A social media primer for professionals: Digital dos and don’ts. Health Promotion Practice, 15(2), 168–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839913517235

Bhatt, G. D. (2000). Information dynamics, learning and knowledge creation in organizations. The Learning Organization, 7(2), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1108/09696470010316288

Brown, E., & Cairns, P. (2004). A grounded investigation of game immersion. In CHI EA ‘04: CHI ‘04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Proceeding (pp. 1297–1300). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/985921.986048

Bryant, C. (2010). A 21st-century art room: The remix of creativity and technology. Art Education, 63(2), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043125.2010.11519061

Burns, Ch. G., & Fairclough, S. H. (2015). Use of auditory event-related potentials to measure immersion during a computer game. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 73, 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2014.09.002

Casakin, H. P. (2007). Metaphors in design problem-solving: Implications for creativity. International Journal of Design, 1(2), 23–35.

Casaló, L. V., Flavián, C., & Ibáñez-Sánchez, S. (2021). Be creative, my friend! Engaging users on Instagram by promoting positive emotions. Journal of Business Research, 130, 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.02.014

Castellano, C., Fortunato, S., & Loreto, V. (2009). Statistical physics of social dynamics. Reviews of Modern Physics, 81. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.591

Chai, J.-X., & Fan, K.-K. (2018). Constructing creativity: Social media and creative expression in design education. EURASIA: Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/79321

Chang, Ch.-Ch., Hung, Sh.-W., Cheng, M.-J., & Wu, Ch.-Y. (2015). Exploring the intention to continue using social networking sites: The case of Facebook. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 95, 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2014.03.012

Chen, Q., Beaty, R. E., & Qiu, J. (2020). Mapping the artistic brain: Common and distinct neural activations associated with musical, drawing, and literary creativity. Human Brain Mapping, 41(12), 3403–3419. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25025

Chen, Ch., Zhang, K. Z. K., Gong, X., Zhao, S. J., Lee, M. K. O., & Liang, L. (2017). Understanding compulsive smartphone use: An empirical test of a flow-based model. International Journal of Information Management, 37(5), 438–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.04.009

Cheung, G. W., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2024). Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 41, 745–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09871-y

Choi, T. R., & Sung, Y. (2018). Instagram versus Snapchat: Self-expression and privacy concern on social media. Telematics and Informatics, 35(8), 2289–2298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.09.009

Christou, G. (2014). The interplay between immersion and appeal in video games. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.11.018

Clark, I. A., & Maguire, E. A. (2020). Do questionnaires reflect their purported cognitive functions? Cognition, 195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104114

Collin, K., Lemmetty, S., Herranen, S., Paloniemi, S., Auvinen, T., & Riivari, E. (2017). Professional agency and creativity in information technology work. In M. Goller & S. Paloniemi (Eds.), Professional and practice-based learning. Agency at work: An agentic perspective on professional learning and development (Vol. 20, pp. 249–270). Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60943-0_13

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2013). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. Harper Perennial.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Flow and education. NAMTA Journal, 22(2), 2–35.

Cuny, C., Fornerino, M., & Helme-Guizon, A. (2015). Can music improve e-behavioral intentions by enhancing consumers’ immersion and experience? Information and Management, 52(8), 1025–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2015.07.009

Dwyer, C., Hiltz, S. R., & Passerini, K. (2007, 10–12 August). Trust and privacy concern within social networking sites: A comparison of Facebook and MySpace. In AMCIS 2007 Proceedings of 13th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2007. Keystone, Colorado, United States. https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1849&context=amcis2007

Edmond, M. B., Wallace, S. E., McClish, D. K., Pfaller, M. A., Jones, R. N., & Wenzel, R. P. (1999). Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: A three-year analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 29, 239–244. https://doi.org/10.1086/520192

Ekstedt, E., Lundin, R. A., Söderholm, A., & Wirdenius, H. (1999). Neo-industrial organising: Renewal by action and knowledge formation in a project-intensive economy. Routledge.

Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, Ch., & Lampe, C. (2011). Connection strategies: Social capital implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices. New Media and Society, 13(6), 873–892. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810385389

Fan, M., & Cai, W. (2022). How does a creative learning environment foster student creativity? An examination on multiple explanatory mechanisms. Current Psychology, 41, 4667–4676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00974-z

Fischer, M. M. J. (2003). Iran: From religious dispute to revolution. University of Wisconsin Press.

Fischer, E., & Reuber, A. R. (2011). Social interaction via new social media: (How) can interactions on Twitter affect effectual thinking and behavior? Journal of Business Venturing, 26(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.09.002

Fox, S. (2011). The Social Life of Health Information, 2011 (Pew Internet and American Life Project: A Project of the Pew Research Center). https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/media/Files/Reports/2011/PIP_Social_Life_of_Health_Info.pdf

Frasca, G. (2001). Rethinking agency and immersion: Video games as a means of consciousness-raising. Digital Creativity, 12(3), 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1076/digc.12.3.167.3225

Hair Jr., J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, Ch. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069

Hair Jr., J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, Ch. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Classroom companion: Business. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7

Hair Jr., J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, Ch. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2024). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. SAGE Publications, Inc.

Hall, J., Stickler, U., Herodotou, Ch., & Iacovides, I. (2020). Expressivity of creativity and creative design considerations in digital games. Computers in Human Behavior, 105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106206

Hamilton, M., Kaltcheva, V. D., & Rohm, A. J. (2016). social media and value creation: The role of interaction satisfaction and interaction immersion. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 36(1), 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2016.07.001

Hart, J., Ridley, Ch., Taher, F., Sas, C., & Dix, A. (2008). Exploring the Facebook experience: A new approach to usability. In NordiCHI ‘08. Proceedings of the 5th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Building Bridges (pp. 471–474). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/1463160.1463222

Hartnett, M. (2019). Theories of motivation in open and distance education. In I. Jung (Ed.), Springer briefs in open and distance education. Open and distance education theory revisited: Implications for the digital era (pp. 105–113). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7740-2_12

Heiser, R. S., Sierra, J. J., & Torres, I. M. (2008). Creativity via cartoon spokespeople in print ads: Capitalizing on the distinctiveness effect. Journal of Advertising, 37(4), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.2753/JOA0091-3367370406

Hikmah, N., Febriantina, S., & Sariwulan, T. (2024). The role of social media use, knowledge sharing, and intrinsic motivation on student creativity. AMCA Journal of Education and Behavioral Change, 2(1), Article 172. https://scholarsnetwork.org/journal/index.php/ijfb/article/view/219/152

Hosen, M., Ogbeibu, S., Giridharan, B., Cham, T.-H., Lim, W. M., & Paul, J. (2021). Individual motivation and social media influence on student knowledge sharing and learning performance: Evidence from an emerging economy. Computers and Education, 172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104262

Hosseini, A. S., & Watt, A. P. (2010). The effect of a teacher professional development in facilitating students’ creativity. Educational Research and Reviews, 5(8), 432–438.

Hsu, M.-H., Tien, Sh.-W., Lin, H.-Ch., & Chang, Ch.-M. (2015). Understanding the roles of cultural differences and socio-economic status in social media continuance intention. Information Technology and People, 28(1), 224–241. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-01-2014-0007

Ifinedo, P. (2016). Applying uses and gratifications theory and social influence processes to understand students’ pervasive adoption of social networking sites: Perspectives from the Americas. International Journal of Information Management, 36(2), 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.11.007

Jennett, Ch., Cox, A. L., Cairns, P., Dhoparee, S., Epps, A., Tijs, T., & Walton, A. (2008). Measuring and defining the experience of immersion in games. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 66(9), 641–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2008.04.004

Johannessen, J.-A., & Olsen, B. (2011). Projects as communicating systems: Creating a culture of innovation and performance. International Journal of Information Management, 31(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2010.04.006

Kusurkar, R. A., Mak-van der Vossen, M., Kors, J., Grijpma, J.-W., Burgt, van der S. M. E., Koster, A. S., & Croix, de la A. (2021). “One size does not fit all”: The value of person-centred analysis in health professions education research. Perspectives on Medical Education: Journal of the Netherlands Association of Medical Education, 10(4), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40037-020-00633-W

Lassig, C. J. (2013). Approaches to creativity: How adolescents engage in the creative process. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 10, 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.05.002

Lee, E., Lee, J.-A., Moon, J. H., & Sung, Y. (2015). Pictures speak louder than words: Motivations for using Instagram. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(9), 552–556. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0157

Leng, M. (2010). Mathematics and reality. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280797.001.0001

Lepper, M. R., & Malone, T. W. (2023). Intrinsic motivation and instructional effectiveness in computer-based education. In R. E. Snow & M. J. Farr (Eds.), Aptitude, learning, and instruction. Cognitive and affective process analyses (Vol. 3, pp. 255–285). Routledge.

Liccardi, I., Ounnas, A., Pau, R., Massey, E., Kinnunen, P., Lewthwaite, S., Midy, M.-A., & Sarkar, Ch. (2007). The role of social networks in students’ learning experiences. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 39(4), 224–237. https://doi.org/10.1145/1345375.1345442

Liu, Y., Liu, D., Yuan, Y., & Archer, N. (2018). Examining situational continuous mobile game play behavior from the perspectives of diversion and flow experience. Information Technology and People, 31(4), 948–965. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-02-2016-0042

Lu, J., Hao, Q., & Jing, M. (2016). Consuming, sharing, and creating content: How young students use new social media in and outside school. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.019

Kiili, K. (2005). Digital game-based learning: Towards an experiential gaming model. The Internet and Higher Education, 8(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2004.12.001

Kim, M., & Cha, J. (2017). A comparison of Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn: Examining motivations and network externalities for the use of social networking sites. First Monday: Peer-Reviewed Journal on the Internet, 22(11). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v22i11.8066

Komljenovic, J. (2019). Linkedin. Platforming labour, and the new employability mandate for universities. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 17(1), 28–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2018.1500275

Kostopoulos, K., Papalexandris, A., Papachroni, M., & Ioannou, G. (2011). Absorptive capacity, innovation, and financial performance. Journal of Business Research, 64(12), 1335–1343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.12.005

Ku, Y.-Ch., Chu, T.-H., & Tseng, Ch.-H. (2013). Gratifications for using CMC technologies: A comparison among SNS, IM, and e-mail. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 226–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.08.009

Kumar, V., & Nanda, P. (2019). Social media in higher education: A framework for continuous engagement. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education, 15(1), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJICTE.2019010107

Kumar, V., & Nanda, P. (2024). Social media as a learning tool: A perspective on formal and informal learning. International Journal of Educational Reform, 33(2), 157–182. https://doi.org/10.1177/10567879221094303

Kumari, A., & Verma, J. (2015). Impact of social networking sites on social interaction – a study of college students. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(2), 55–62.

Kuzmina, E., Goral, M., Norvik, M., & Weekes, B. S. (2019). What influences language impairment in bilingual aphasia? A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00445

Mabbe, E., Vansteenkiste, M., Brenning, K., Pauw, de S., Beyers, W., & Soenens, B. (2019). The moderating role of adolescent personality in associations between psychologically controlling parenting and problem behaviors: A longitudinal examination at the level of within-person change. Developmental Psychology, 55(12), 2665–2677. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000802

Malik, M. J., Ahmad, M., Kamran, M. R., Aliza, K., & Elahi, M. Z. (2020). Student use of social media, academic performance, and creativity: The mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 17(4), 403–415. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITSE-01-2020-0005

Mamykina, L., Candy, L., & Edmonds, E. (2002). Collaborative creativity. Communications of the ACM, 45(10), 96–99. https://doi.org/10.1145/570907.570940

Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). The basic emotional impact of environments. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 38(1), 283–301. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1974.38.1.283

Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2002). The conservative–reformist conflict over women’s rights in Iran. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 16, 37–53. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016530427616

Moran, S., & John-Steiner, V. (2003). Creativity in the making: Vygotsky’s contemporary contribution to the dialectic of development and creativity. In R. K. Sawyer, V. John-Steiner, S. Moran, R. J. Sternberg, D. H. Feldman, J. Nakamura, & M. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Counterpoints: Cognition, memory, and language. Creativity and development (pp. 61–90). M. Marschark (Series Ed.). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149005.003.0003

Muntinga, D. G., Moorman, M., & Smit, E. G. (2011). Introducing COBRAs: Exploring motivations for brand-related social media use. International Journal of Advertising: The Review of Marketing Communications, 30(1), 13–46. https://doi.org/10.2501/IJA-30-1-013-046

Nardi, B. A., Schiano, D. J., & Gumbrecht, M. (2004). Blogging as social activity, or, would you let 900 million people read your diary? In CSCW ‘04: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (pp. 222–231). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/1031607.1031643

Nazar, W., Leszkowicz, J., Pieńkowska, A., Brzeziński, M., Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, A., & Plata-Nazar, K. (2020). Before-and-after online community survey on knowledge and perception of COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Infectious Diseases, 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05602-6

Noguti, V., & Waller, D. S. (2020). Motivations to use social media: Effects on the perceived informativeness, entertainment, and intrusiveness of paid mobile advertising. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(15–16), 1527–1555. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2020.1799062

Oh, J., Bellur, S., & Sundar, S. Sh. (2010, 22–26 June). A conceptual model of user engagement with media [Conference presentation]. 60th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association. Singapur, Singapor [unpublished source].

Orehek, E., & Human, L. J. (2017). Self-expression on social media: Do Tweets present accurate and positive portraits of impulsivity, self-esteem, and attachment style? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(1), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167216675332

Papacharissi, Z., & Rubin, A. M. (2000). Predictors of internet use. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 44(2), 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4402_2

Park, S. S., Tung, Ch. D., & Lee, H. (2021). The adoption of AI service robots: A comparison between credence and experience service settings. Psychology and Marketing, 38(4), 691–703. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21468

Pathak, K. (2018). An evaluative study of influence of social media on journalism: Interference or professional advancement. In J. Višňovský & J. Radošinská (Eds.), Social media and journalism: Trends, connections, implications (pp. 57–63). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78979

Pepitone, J. (2010). Twitter users not so social after all. CNN Money. https://money.cnn.com/2010/03/10/technology/twitter_users_active/index.htm?hpt=Mid

Popescu, D.-M., Botting, R. A., Stephenson, E., Green, K., Webb, S., Jardine, L., Calderbank, E. F., Polanski, K., Goh, I., Efremova, M., Acres, M., Maunder, D., Vegh, P., Gitton, Y., Park, J.-E., Vento-Tormo, R.; Miao, Zh.; Dixon, D.; Rowell, R.; McDonald, D.; Fletcher, J.; Poyner, E.; Reynolds, G., Mather, M., Moldovan, C., Mamanova, L., Greig, F., Young, M., Meyer, K. B., Lisgo, S., Bacardit, J., Fuller, A., Millar, B., Innes, B., Lindsay, S., Stubbington, M. J. T., Kowalczyk, M. S., Li, B., Ashenbrg, O., Tabaka, M., Dionne, D., Tickle, T. L., Slyper, M., Rozenblatt-Rosen, O., Filby, A., Carey, P., Villani, A.-Ch., Roy, A., Regev, A., Chedotal, A., Roberts, I., Göttgens, B., Behjati, S., Laurenti, E., Teichmann, S. A., & Haniffa, M. (2019). Decoding human fetal liver haematopoiesis. Nature, 574(7778), 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1652-y

Prokop, V., & Stejskal, J. (2015). Impacts of local planning to competitiveness index change – using approximate initial analysis of the Czech Regions. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 12, 279–288.

Raeis, A. R., Bahrami, S., & Yousefi, M. (2013). Relationship between information literacy and creativity: A study of students at the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. MATERIA SOCIOMEDICA: Journal of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 25(1), 28–31. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2013.25.28-31

Sanabria-Castro, A., Alvarado-Echeverría, I., & Monge-Bonilla, C. (2017). Molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease: An update. Annals of Neurosciences, 24(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1159/000464422

Sanabria, J. C., & Arámburo-Lizárraga, J. (2017). Enhancing 21st century skills with AR: Using the gradual immersion method to develop collaborative creativity. EURASIA: Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(2), 487–501. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00627a

Sander, T., & Lee, T. Ph. (2014, 8–10 May). SmartPLS for the human resources field to evaluate a model. Proceedings of New Challenges of Economic and Business Development Conference 2014 (pp. 346–358). University of Latvia.

Sarstedt, M., Ringle, Ch. M., & Hair, J. F. (2017). Treating unobserved heterogeneity in PLS-SEM: A multi-method approach. In H. Latan & R. Noonan (Eds.), Partial least squares path modeling: Basic concepts, methodological issues and applications (pp. 197–217). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64069-3_9

Shan, Y., Ji, M., Xie, W., Li, R., Qian, X., Zhang, X., & Hao, T. (2022). Chinese version of the mobile health app usability questionnaire: Translation, adaptation, and validation study. JMIR Formative Research, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.2196/37933

Shneiderman, B. (2000). Creating creativity: User interfaces for supporting innovation. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 7(1), 114–138. https://doi.org/10.1145/344949.345077

Singh, P. (2013). P value, statistical significance and clinical significance. Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology, 4, 202–204.

Singh, S., & Sagar, R. (2021). A critical look at online survey or questionnaire-based research studies during COVID-19. Asian Journal of Psychiatrym, 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102850

Skjelstad Fredagsvik, M. (2023). The challenge of supporting creativity in problem-solving projects in science: A study of teachers’ conversational practices with students. Research in Science and Technological Education, 41(1), 289–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2021.1898359

Smith, B. G., & Gallicano, T. D. (2015). Terms of engagement: Analyzing public engagement with organizations through social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.060

Sternberg, R. J. (2003). Creative thinking in the classroom. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 47(3), 325–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313830308595

Stratton, S. J. (2021). Population research: Convenience sampling strategies. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 36(4), 373–374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X21000649

Stukalova, O. V. (2018). Quality of continuing education: Specific features and conditions for objective expertise, factors of improvement. Quality: Access to Success, 19(163), 104–110.

Sundar, S. Sh., Xu, Q., Bellur, S., Oh, J., & Jia, H. (2010, 10–15 April). Modality is the message: Interactivity effects on perception and engagement. In CHI EA ‘10: CHI ‘10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Proceeding (pp. 4105–4110). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/1753846.1754110

Tang, L., Omar, S. Z., Bolong, J., & Wirza Mohd Zawawi, J. (2021). Social media use among young people in China: A systematic literature review. SAGE Open, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211016421

Thorkildsen, Th. A., & Xing, K. (2016). Facebook as a tool for enhancing communication and self-expression. In Sh. Y. Tettegah (Ed), Emotions and technology: Communication of feelings for, with, and through digital media. Emotions, technology, and social media (pp. 117–138). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801857-6.00007-5

Todorova, G., & Durisin, B. (2007). Absorptive capacity: Valuing a reconceptualization. The Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 774–786. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.25275513

Tu, C., Dilley, A. E., & Kaufman, J. C. (2015). Do we create what we watch? Creativity and entertainment preferences. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 9(4), 394–404. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000032

Vygotsky, L. S. (1967). Play and its role in the mental development of the child. Soviet Psychology, 5(3), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.2753/RPO1061-040505036

Wang, Zh., Tchernev, J. M., & Solloway, T. (2012). A dynamic longitudinal examination of social media use, needs, and gratifications among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1829–1839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.001

Williams, A., & Haugen Askland, H. (2012). Assessing creativity: Strategies and tools to support teaching and learning in architecture and design (Final Report 2012). https://ltr.edu.au/resources/PP9_1288_Williams_Report_2012.pdf

Whiting, J., & Hannam, K. (2014). Journeys of inspiration: Working artists’ reflections on tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.08.007

Whiting, A., & Williams, D. (2013). Why people use social media: A uses and gratifications approach. Qualitative Market Research, 16(4), 362–369. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-06-2013-0041

Witmer, B. G., & Singer, M. J. (1998). Measuring presence in virtual environments: A presence questionnaire. PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality, 7(3), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1162/105474698565686

Wu, M.-Sh. (2019). Information literacy, creativity and work performance. Information Development, 35(5), 676–687. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666918781436

Young Choi, S., Lee, H., & Yoo, Y. (2010). The impact of information technology and transactive memory systems on knowledge sharing, application, and team performance: A field study. MIS Quarterly, 34(4), 855–870. https://doi.org/10.2307/25750708

Zolkepli, I. A., & Kamarulzaman, Y. (2015). Social media adoption: The role of media needs and innovation characteristics. Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 189–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.050