A calculation method for high-speed railway capacity based on improved train deduction method
Abstract
A reasonable calculation of railway capacity is very important for research. With the rapid development of high-speed railways, more and more differences between traditional and modern railways have emerged in the transportation organization and capacity calculation methods. In this article, the calculation methods used under different conditions with different train types are studied based on the train deduction method. Train deduction is a method that calculates the number of trains that cannot pass through the line when other trains change their stop plan or operation speed based on the coefficient of deduction method, which is widely used in China. Then, optimized models for trains with the same-speed and different-speeds are built to determine the maximum number of trains. These models are built based on the constraints of passenger service quality and overtaking times. In addition, the models are solved based on a train operation plan. Hence, the capacity calculated by these methods is more reasonable for the actual condition. Finally, an actual case of Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway is implemented and tested with the model. The optimal capacity scheme is simulated and analysed, and the result agreed well with the railway transport enterprise.
First published online 5 February 2024
Keyword : high-speed railway, capacity, calculation method, train deduction, train speed, buffer time
How to Cite
Li, X., Huo, Y., & Yan, Z. (2023). A calculation method for high-speed railway capacity based on improved train deduction method. Transport, 38(4), 214–230. https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2023.20523
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Pouryousef, H.; Lautala, P. 2015. Hybrid simulation approach for improving railway capacity and train schedules, Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 5(4): 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2015.10.001
Riejos, F. A. O.; Barrena, E.; Ortiz, J. D. C.; Laporte, G. 2016. Analyzing the theoretical capacity of railway networks with a radial-backbone topology, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice: 84: 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.03.018
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Su, S.; Tian, C.; Chen, Z. 2008. Analysis and calculation of the carrying capacity on passenger dedicated lines, China Railway Science (5): 119–124. (in Chinese).
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UIC. 2013. UIC Code 406: Capacity. International Union of Railways (UIC), Paris, France. 56 p.
Weik, N.; Niebel, N.; Nießen, N. 2016. Capacity analysis of railway lines in Germany – a rigorous discussion of the queueing based approach, Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 6(2): 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2016.06.001
Weik, N.; Nießen, N. 2017. A quasi-birth-and-death process approach for integrated capacity and reliability modeling of railway systems, Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 7(3): 114–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2017.06.001
Yaghini, M.; Nikoo, N.; Ahadi, H. R. 2014a. An integer programming model for analysing impacts of different train types on railway line capacity, Transport 29(1): 28–35. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.894938
Yaghini, M.; Sarmadi, M.; Nikoo, N.; Momeni, M. 2014b. Capacity consumption analysis using heuristic solution method for under construction railway routes, Networks and Spatial Economics 14(3–4): 317–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-014-9223-0
Zhang, X.; Nie, L. 2016. Integrating capacity analysis with high-speed railway timetabling: a minimum cycle time calculation model with flexible overtaking constraints and intelligent enumeration, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 68: 509–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.05.005
Zhao, D.; Hu, S. 2018. Research of new method of capacity calculation for passenger flow section of high-speed railway, Journal of the China Railway Society (9): 1–6. (in Chinese).
Zheng, J.-Z.; Liu, J. 2012. Capacity of Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway by Different Transport Organization Patterns, Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology (4): 22–28. (in Chinese).
Zieger, S.; Weik, N.; Nießen, N. 2018. The influence of buffer time distributions in delay propagation modelling of railway networks, Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 8(3–4): 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2018.09.001
Burdett, R. L. 2015b. Incorporating complex train paths in an analysis of absolute capacity, International Journal of Railway Technology 4(4): 73–83. https://doi.org/10.4203/ijrt.4.4.4
Burdett, R. L. 2016. Optimisation models for expanding a railway’s theoretical capacity, European Journal of Operational Research 251(3): 783–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.12.033
Chen, H. J. 2018. Research on the Carrying Capacity of High-Speed Railway. MSc Thesis. Southwest Jiaotong Univeristy, China (in Chinese).
Chu, F.; Oetting, A. 2013. Modeling capacity consumption considering disruption program characteristics and the transition phase to steady operations during disruptions, Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 3(3): 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2013.10.006
EC. 2013. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 402/2013 of 30 April 2013 on the Common Safety Method for Risk Evaluation and Assessment and Repealing Regulation (EC) No 352/2009. European Commission (EC). Available from Internet: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2013/402/oj
EPCEU. 2004. Directive 2004/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on safety on the Community’s Railways and Amending Council Directive 95/18/EC on the Licensing of Railway Undertakings and Directive 2001/14/EC on the Allocation of Railway Infrastructure Capacity and the Levying of Charges for the Use of Railway Infrastructure and Safety Certification (Railway Safety Directive). 29/04/2004. European Parliament, Council of the European Union (EPCEU). Available from Internet: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2004/49/oj
Hansen, I. A.; Pachl, J. 2008. Railway Timetable & Traffic: Analysis – Modelling – Simulation. Eurailpress in DVV Media Group. 228 p.
Hu, S. J.; Zhao, D. 1998. Study on the problem of passing capacity of passenger train district on Jing-Hu high-speed railway, Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University 22(6): 7. Available from Internet: https://jdxb.bjtu.edu.cn/EN/Y1998/V22/I6/7 (in Chinese).
Huisman, T.; Boucherie, R. J.; Van Dijk, N. M. 2002. A solvable queueing network model for railway networks and its validation and applications for the Netherlands, European Journal of Operational Research 142(1): 30–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00269-7
Isobe, Y.; Moller, F.; Nguyen, H. N.; Roggenbach, M. 2012. Safety and line capacity in railways – an approach in timed CSP, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7321: 54–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30729-4_5
Jamili, A. 2018. Computation of practical capacity in single-track railway lines based on computing the minimum buffer times, Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 8(2): 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2018.03.002
Jensen, L. W.; Landex, A.; Nielsen, O. A.; Kroon, L. G.; Schmidt, M. 2017. Strategic assessment of capacity consumption in railway networks: framework and model, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 74: 126–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.10.013
Klabes, S. G. 2010. Algorithmic Railway Capacity Allocation in a Competitive European Railway Market. PhD Thesis. RWTH Aachen University, Germany. 209 p. Available from Internet: https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/51543
Liang, J.; Martin, U.; Cui, Y. 2017. Increasing performance of railway systems by exploitation of the relationship between capacity and operation quality, Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 7(3): 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2017.08.002
Lindner, T. 2011. Applicability of the analytical UIC Code 406 compression method for evaluating line and station capacity, Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 1(1): 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2011.09.002
Lv, M.-M.; Ni, S.-Q.; Chen, D.-J. 2016. High-speed railway carrying capacity calculation method, Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information (1): 19–24. (in Chinese).
Ma, G. W. 2005. Dictionary of Transportation. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press. (in Chinese).
Ma, Y. 2017. Analysis on High-Speed Railway Carrying Capacity and its Influencing Factors based on Compressed Diagram. MSc Thesis. Southwest Jiaotong Univeristy, China (in Chinese).
Mussone, L.; Calvo, R. W. 2013. An analytical approach to calculate the capacity of a railway system, European Journal of Operational Research 228(1): 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2012.12.027
Pachl, J.; White, T. 2004. Analytical capacity management with blocking times, in Transportation Research Board 83rd Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers CD-ROM, 11–15 January 2004, Washington, DC, US, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-200611210100-0
Peng, Z. 2018. Study on Calculation Method of High-Speed Railway Available Passing Capacity. MSc Thesis. Southwest Jiaotong University, China (in Chinese).
Pouryousef, H.; Lautala, P. 2015. Hybrid simulation approach for improving railway capacity and train schedules, Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 5(4): 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2015.10.001
Riejos, F. A. O.; Barrena, E.; Ortiz, J. D. C.; Laporte, G. 2016. Analyzing the theoretical capacity of railway networks with a radial-backbone topology, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice: 84: 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.03.018
Shan, X. Q. 2011. Research on the Calculation and System Simulation for Capacity of High-Speed Railway. MSc Thesis. Beijing Jiaotong University, China (in Chinese).
Su, S.; Tian, C.; Chen, Z. 2008. Analysis and calculation of the carrying capacity on passenger dedicated lines, China Railway Science (5): 119–124. (in Chinese).
Tian, C.; Zhu, J.; Xu, Y. 2002. Calculation method and change of value of deduction coefficient of passenger trains on double-track lines with automatic block after speed-increase, China Railway Science (1): 112–120. (in Chinese).
UIC. 2013. UIC Code 406: Capacity. International Union of Railways (UIC), Paris, France. 56 p.
Weik, N.; Niebel, N.; Nießen, N. 2016. Capacity analysis of railway lines in Germany – a rigorous discussion of the queueing based approach, Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 6(2): 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2016.06.001
Weik, N.; Nießen, N. 2017. A quasi-birth-and-death process approach for integrated capacity and reliability modeling of railway systems, Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 7(3): 114–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2017.06.001
Yaghini, M.; Nikoo, N.; Ahadi, H. R. 2014a. An integer programming model for analysing impacts of different train types on railway line capacity, Transport 29(1): 28–35. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.894938
Yaghini, M.; Sarmadi, M.; Nikoo, N.; Momeni, M. 2014b. Capacity consumption analysis using heuristic solution method for under construction railway routes, Networks and Spatial Economics 14(3–4): 317–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-014-9223-0
Zhang, X.; Nie, L. 2016. Integrating capacity analysis with high-speed railway timetabling: a minimum cycle time calculation model with flexible overtaking constraints and intelligent enumeration, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 68: 509–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.05.005
Zhao, D.; Hu, S. 2018. Research of new method of capacity calculation for passenger flow section of high-speed railway, Journal of the China Railway Society (9): 1–6. (in Chinese).
Zheng, J.-Z.; Liu, J. 2012. Capacity of Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway by Different Transport Organization Patterns, Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology (4): 22–28. (in Chinese).
Zieger, S.; Weik, N.; Nießen, N. 2018. The influence of buffer time distributions in delay propagation modelling of railway networks, Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 8(3–4): 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2018.09.001