Wheel–rail wear investigation on a heavy haul balloon loop track through simulations of slow speed wagon dynamics
Abstract
Heavy haul railway track infrastructure are commonly equipped with balloon loops to allow trains to be loaded/unloaded and/or to reverse the direction of travel. The slow operational speed of trains on these sharp curves results in some unique issues regarding the wear process between wheels and rails. A wagon dynamic system model has been applied to simulate the dynamic behaviour in order to study the wheel–rail contact wear conditions. A wheel– rail wear index is used to assess the wear severity. The simulation shows that the lubrication to reduce the wheel–rail contact friction coefficient can significantly reduce the wear severity. Furthermore, the effects of important parameters on wheel–rail contact wear including curve radius, wagon speed and track superelevation have also been considered.
First Published Online: 4 Sept 2017
Keyword : balloon loop track, wagon dynamics, wheel–rail wear index, simulation
How to Cite
Sun, Y. Q., Spiryagin, M., Cole, C., & Nielsen, D. (2017). Wheel–rail wear investigation on a heavy haul balloon loop track through simulations of slow speed wagon dynamics. Transport, 33(3), 843-852. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2017.1355843
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
ARTC. 2015. Track Geometry. Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC), Australia.
Braghin, F.; Lewis, R.; Dwyer-Joyce, R. S.; Bruni, S. 2006. A mathematical model to predict railway wheel profile evolution due to wear, Wear 261(11–12): 1253–1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.03.025
Chiddick, K. S.; Eadie, D. T. 1999. Wheel/rail friction management solutions, in 14th International Conference on Current Problems in Rail Vehicles: PRORAIL 99, 6–8 October 1999, Žilina, Slovakia.
Cuervo, P. A.; Santa, J. F; Toro, A. 2015. Correlations between wear mechanisms and rail grinding operations in a commercial railroad, Tribology International 82: 265–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2014.06.025
DEsolver. 2017. GENSYS.1609 Reference Manual. AB DEsolver, Östersund, Sweden. Available from Internet: http://www.gensys.se
Donzella, G.; Faccoli, M.; Ghidini, A.; Mazzù, A.; Roberti, R. 2005. The competitive role of wear and RCF in a rail steel, Engineering Fracture Mechanics 72(2): 287–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.04.011
Dukkipati, R. V.; Swamy, S. N. 2001. Non-linear steady-state curving analysis of some unconventional rail trucks, Mechanism and Machine Theory 36(4): 507–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-114X(00)00054-9
EMRAILS. 2016. 60 kg Rail. EMRAILS: The Australian Rail Stockist, Victoria, Australia. Available from Internet: https://www.emrails.com.au/our-products/rail/standard-rail/60-kg-rail
ESR 0332:2010. WPR 2000 Wheel Profile. Engineering Standard, Rolling Stock, Australia. 8 p. Available from Internet: http://www.asa.transport.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/asa/railcorp-legacy/disciplines/rollingstock/esr-0332.pdf
Harvey, R. F.; McEwen, I. J. 1986. The Relationship between Wear Number and Wheel/Rail Wear in the Laboratory and the Field. British Rail Research Report TM-VDY-001.
He, C.-G.; Zhou, G.-Y.; Wang, J.; Wen, G.; Wang, W.-J.; Liu, Q.-Y. 2014. Effect of curve radius of rail on rolling contact fatigue properties of wheel steel, Tribology 34(3): 257–261. (in Chinese).
Hernández, F. C. R.; Demas, N. G.; Davis, D. D.; Polycarpou, A. A.; Maal, L. 2007. Mechanical properties and wear performance of premium rail steels, We a r 263(1–6): 766–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.12.021
Ishida, M.; Aoki, F. 2004. Effect of lubrication on vehicle/track interaction, Quarterly Report of RTRI 45(3): 131–135. https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.45.131
Johansson, A.; Pålsson, B.; Ekh, M.; Nielsen, J. C. O.; An-der, M. K. A.; Brouzoulis, J.; Kassa, E. 2011. Simulation of wheel–rail contact and damage in switches & crossings, Wear 271(1–2): 472–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.014
Pearce, T. G.; Sherratt, N. D. 1991. Prediction of wheel profile wear, Wear 144(1–2): 343–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(91)90025-P
Pombo, J.; Ambrósio, J.; Pereira, M.; Lewis, R.; Dwyer-Joyce, R.; Ariaudo, C.; Kuka, N. 2011. Development of a wear prediction tool for steel railway wheels using three alternative wear functions, Wear 271(1–2): 238–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.072
Remennikov, A. M.; Kaewunruen, S. 2008. A review of loading conditions for railway track structures due to train and track vertical interaction, Structural Control and Health Monitoring 15(2): 207–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.227
Resonate Group Ltd. 2016. VAMPIRE® User Manual. Resonate Group Limited, Derby, UK. Available from Internet: http://www.vampire-dynamics.com
Shevtsov, I. Y.; Markine, V. L.; Esveld, C. 2005. Optimal design of wheel profile for railway vehicles, Wear 258(7–8): 1022–1030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2004.03.051
Spiryagin, M.; Sajjad, M.; Nielsen, D.; Sun, Y. Q.; Raman, D.; Chattopadhyay, G. 2014. Research methodology for evaluation of top-of-rail friction management in Australian heavy haul networks, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 228(6): 631–641. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409714539943
Spiryagin, M.; Wolfs, P.; Cole, C.; Spiryagin, V.; Sun, Y. Q.; McSweeney, T. 2016. Design and Simulation of Heavy Haul Locomotives and Trains. CRC Press. 459 p. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315369792
Sun, Y. Q.; Cole, C.; Dhanasekar, M.; Thambiratnam, D. P. 2012. Modelling and analysis of the crush zone of a typical Australian passenger train, Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility 50(7): 1137–1155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2012.656658
Sun, Y. Q.; Simson, S. 2008. Wagon–track modelling and parametric study on rail corrugation initiation due to wheel stick-slip process on curved track, We a r 265(9–10): 1193–1201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.02.043
Sun, Y. Q.; Spiryagin, M.; Simson, S.; Cole, C. R.; Kreiser, D. 2011. Adequacy of modelling of friction wedge suspensions in three-piece bogies, in IAVSD 2011: 22nd International Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, 14–19 August 2011, Manchester, UK, 1–6.
Tao, G.; Wang, H.; Zhao, X.; Du, X.; Wen, Z.; Guo, J.; Zhu, M. 2013. Research on wheel tread damage mechanism based on interaction of wheel and rail, Journal of Mechanical Engineering: 49(18): 23–29. (in Chinese).
Tassini, N.; Quost, X.; Lewis, R.; Dwyer-Joyce, R.; Ariaudo, C.; Kuka, N. 2010. A numerical model of twin disc test arrangement for the evaluation of railway wheel wear prediction methods, We a r 268(5–6): 660–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2009.11.003
Telliskivi, T.; Olofsson, U. 2004. Wheel–rail wear simulation, Wear 257(11): 1145–1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2004.07.017
Torstensson, P. T.; Nielsen, J. C. O. 2011. Simulation of dynamic vehicle–track interaction on small radius curves, Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility 49(11): 1711–1732. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2010.499468
Waara, P.; Norrby, T.; Prakash, B. 2004, Tribochemical wear of rail steels lubricated with synthetic ester-based model lubricants, Tribology Letters 17(3): 561–568. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:TRIL.0000044505.42373.0e
Wang, K.; Huang, C.; Zhai, W.; Liu, P.; Wang, S. 2014. Progress on wheel–rail dynamic performance of railway curve negotiation, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 1(3): 209–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-7564(15)30104-5
Zakharov, S.; Zharov, I. 2002. Simulation of mutual wheel/rail wear, Wear 253(1–2): 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00088-1
Zhai, W.; Gao, J.; Liu, P.; Wang, K. 2014. Reducing rail side wear on heavy-haul railway curves based on wheel–rail dynamic interaction, Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility 52(Suppl 1): 440–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2014.906633
Braghin, F.; Lewis, R.; Dwyer-Joyce, R. S.; Bruni, S. 2006. A mathematical model to predict railway wheel profile evolution due to wear, Wear 261(11–12): 1253–1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.03.025
Chiddick, K. S.; Eadie, D. T. 1999. Wheel/rail friction management solutions, in 14th International Conference on Current Problems in Rail Vehicles: PRORAIL 99, 6–8 October 1999, Žilina, Slovakia.
Cuervo, P. A.; Santa, J. F; Toro, A. 2015. Correlations between wear mechanisms and rail grinding operations in a commercial railroad, Tribology International 82: 265–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2014.06.025
DEsolver. 2017. GENSYS.1609 Reference Manual. AB DEsolver, Östersund, Sweden. Available from Internet: http://www.gensys.se
Donzella, G.; Faccoli, M.; Ghidini, A.; Mazzù, A.; Roberti, R. 2005. The competitive role of wear and RCF in a rail steel, Engineering Fracture Mechanics 72(2): 287–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.04.011
Dukkipati, R. V.; Swamy, S. N. 2001. Non-linear steady-state curving analysis of some unconventional rail trucks, Mechanism and Machine Theory 36(4): 507–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-114X(00)00054-9
EMRAILS. 2016. 60 kg Rail. EMRAILS: The Australian Rail Stockist, Victoria, Australia. Available from Internet: https://www.emrails.com.au/our-products/rail/standard-rail/60-kg-rail
ESR 0332:2010. WPR 2000 Wheel Profile. Engineering Standard, Rolling Stock, Australia. 8 p. Available from Internet: http://www.asa.transport.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/asa/railcorp-legacy/disciplines/rollingstock/esr-0332.pdf
Harvey, R. F.; McEwen, I. J. 1986. The Relationship between Wear Number and Wheel/Rail Wear in the Laboratory and the Field. British Rail Research Report TM-VDY-001.
He, C.-G.; Zhou, G.-Y.; Wang, J.; Wen, G.; Wang, W.-J.; Liu, Q.-Y. 2014. Effect of curve radius of rail on rolling contact fatigue properties of wheel steel, Tribology 34(3): 257–261. (in Chinese).
Hernández, F. C. R.; Demas, N. G.; Davis, D. D.; Polycarpou, A. A.; Maal, L. 2007. Mechanical properties and wear performance of premium rail steels, We a r 263(1–6): 766–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.12.021
Ishida, M.; Aoki, F. 2004. Effect of lubrication on vehicle/track interaction, Quarterly Report of RTRI 45(3): 131–135. https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.45.131
Johansson, A.; Pålsson, B.; Ekh, M.; Nielsen, J. C. O.; An-der, M. K. A.; Brouzoulis, J.; Kassa, E. 2011. Simulation of wheel–rail contact and damage in switches & crossings, Wear 271(1–2): 472–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.014
Pearce, T. G.; Sherratt, N. D. 1991. Prediction of wheel profile wear, Wear 144(1–2): 343–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(91)90025-P
Pombo, J.; Ambrósio, J.; Pereira, M.; Lewis, R.; Dwyer-Joyce, R.; Ariaudo, C.; Kuka, N. 2011. Development of a wear prediction tool for steel railway wheels using three alternative wear functions, Wear 271(1–2): 238–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.072
Remennikov, A. M.; Kaewunruen, S. 2008. A review of loading conditions for railway track structures due to train and track vertical interaction, Structural Control and Health Monitoring 15(2): 207–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.227
Resonate Group Ltd. 2016. VAMPIRE® User Manual. Resonate Group Limited, Derby, UK. Available from Internet: http://www.vampire-dynamics.com
Shevtsov, I. Y.; Markine, V. L.; Esveld, C. 2005. Optimal design of wheel profile for railway vehicles, Wear 258(7–8): 1022–1030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2004.03.051
Spiryagin, M.; Sajjad, M.; Nielsen, D.; Sun, Y. Q.; Raman, D.; Chattopadhyay, G. 2014. Research methodology for evaluation of top-of-rail friction management in Australian heavy haul networks, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 228(6): 631–641. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409714539943
Spiryagin, M.; Wolfs, P.; Cole, C.; Spiryagin, V.; Sun, Y. Q.; McSweeney, T. 2016. Design and Simulation of Heavy Haul Locomotives and Trains. CRC Press. 459 p. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315369792
Sun, Y. Q.; Cole, C.; Dhanasekar, M.; Thambiratnam, D. P. 2012. Modelling and analysis of the crush zone of a typical Australian passenger train, Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility 50(7): 1137–1155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2012.656658
Sun, Y. Q.; Simson, S. 2008. Wagon–track modelling and parametric study on rail corrugation initiation due to wheel stick-slip process on curved track, We a r 265(9–10): 1193–1201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.02.043
Sun, Y. Q.; Spiryagin, M.; Simson, S.; Cole, C. R.; Kreiser, D. 2011. Adequacy of modelling of friction wedge suspensions in three-piece bogies, in IAVSD 2011: 22nd International Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, 14–19 August 2011, Manchester, UK, 1–6.
Tao, G.; Wang, H.; Zhao, X.; Du, X.; Wen, Z.; Guo, J.; Zhu, M. 2013. Research on wheel tread damage mechanism based on interaction of wheel and rail, Journal of Mechanical Engineering: 49(18): 23–29. (in Chinese).
Tassini, N.; Quost, X.; Lewis, R.; Dwyer-Joyce, R.; Ariaudo, C.; Kuka, N. 2010. A numerical model of twin disc test arrangement for the evaluation of railway wheel wear prediction methods, We a r 268(5–6): 660–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2009.11.003
Telliskivi, T.; Olofsson, U. 2004. Wheel–rail wear simulation, Wear 257(11): 1145–1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2004.07.017
Torstensson, P. T.; Nielsen, J. C. O. 2011. Simulation of dynamic vehicle–track interaction on small radius curves, Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility 49(11): 1711–1732. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2010.499468
Waara, P.; Norrby, T.; Prakash, B. 2004, Tribochemical wear of rail steels lubricated with synthetic ester-based model lubricants, Tribology Letters 17(3): 561–568. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:TRIL.0000044505.42373.0e
Wang, K.; Huang, C.; Zhai, W.; Liu, P.; Wang, S. 2014. Progress on wheel–rail dynamic performance of railway curve negotiation, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 1(3): 209–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-7564(15)30104-5
Zakharov, S.; Zharov, I. 2002. Simulation of mutual wheel/rail wear, Wear 253(1–2): 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00088-1
Zhai, W.; Gao, J.; Liu, P.; Wang, K. 2014. Reducing rail side wear on heavy-haul railway curves based on wheel–rail dynamic interaction, Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility 52(Suppl 1): 440–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2014.906633