Assessment of causal relationship amid enablers of successful transition of management succession in family-owned businesses – a study of the South Asian Nations
Abstract
The present study was done to evaluate the causal relationship amid the enablers of successful transition of management succession in family-owned business in South Asian Nations. This was an empirical study where owners of family-run business across various South Asian countries were interviewed. In this study we used the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach to examine the causal relationship among the twelve variables which were identified by examining the existing literature. The findings of the research demonstrated that formal education, well defined succession plan, early affiliation in business etc. formed the cause group and shared vision for future, active involvement of the successor/s in the succession process, tacit knowledge transfer, building trust and credibility in successors and competence over gender etc. formed the effect group.
Keyword : shared vision, successor preparation, early affiliation, intrinsic motivation, DEMATEL technique, family owned business

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Agrawal, R. (2018). An investigation into the recent surge of women being chosen as successor in family businesses: A study of the world’s fastest growing economy. Journal of Applied Management-Jidnyasa, 1(1), 38–50.
Al Suwaidi, M., Jabeen, F., Stachowicz-Stanusch, A., & Webb, M. (2020). Determinants linked to executive succession planning in public sector organizations. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 24(3), 284–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262920932405
Alayo, M., Jainaga, T., Maseda, A., & Arzubiaga, A. (2016). Critical enablers for successful succession of family firms. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 85(6), 90–103.
Alexandro, R., & Basrowi, B. (2024). The influence of macroeconomic infrastructure on supply chain smoothness and national competitiveness and its implications on a country’s economic growth: Evidence from BRICS countries. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12(1), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.10.007
Baden, D., & Parkes, C. (2013). Experiential learning: Inspiring the business leaders of tomorrow. Journal of Management Development, 32(3), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621711311318283
Belitski, M., & Desai, S. (2021). Female ownership, firm age and firm growth: A study of South Asian firms. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 38(3), 825–855. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09689-7
Bakhshi, P., Agrawal, R., Mendon, S., Birau, R., & Bărbăcioru, I. C. (2023). Framework of SDG leadership among SMEs in South Asian nations-using interpretive structural modelling. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3), Article 2253607. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2253607
Bell, R., & Pham, T. T. (2021). Modelling the knowledge transfer process between founder and successor in Vietnamese family businesses succession. Journal of Family Business Management, 11(4), 479–495. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-03-2020-0024
Bennedsen, M., Lu, Y., & Mehrotra, V. (2022). A survey of Asian family business research. Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 51(1), 7–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajfs.12363
Bertschi-Michel, A., Sieger, P., & Kammerlander, N. (2021). Succession in family-owned SMEs: The impact of advisors. Small Business Economics, 56(4), 1531–1551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00266-2
Bokhari, I. H., Muhammad, A. B., & Zakaria, N. (2020). Succession planning, strategic flexibility as predictors of business sustainability in family-owned SMEs: Moderating role of organization improvisation. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 14(1), 368–387.
Bozer, G., Levin, L., & Santora, J. C. (2017). Succession in family business: Multi-source perspectives. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(4), 753–774. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-10-2016-0163
Busata, M. (2024). The impact of harmony on the digital transformation of family businesses.
Cadieux, L. (2007). Succession in small and medium-sized family businesses: Toward a Typology of predecessor roles during and after instatement of the successor. Family Business Review, 20(2), 95–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2007.00089.x
Caers, R., Bois, C. D., Jegers, M., Gieter, S. D., Schepers, C., & Pepermans, R. (2006). Principal-agent relationships on the stewardship-agency axis. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 17(1), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.129
Chavan, M., Chirico, F., Taksa, L., & Alam, M. A. (2023). How do immigrant family businesses achieve global expansion? An embeddedness perspective. Academy of Management Discoveries, 9(2), 210–237. https://doi.org/10.5465/amd.2020.0170
Chirapanda, S. (2020). Identification of success enablers for sustainability in family businesses: Case study method and exploratory research in Japan. Journal of Family Business Management, 10(1), 58–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-05-2019-0030
Chrisman, J. J. (2019). Stewardship theory: Realism, relevance, and family firm governance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(6), 1051–1066. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719838472
Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Sharma, P. (2003). Succession and non-succession concerns of family firms and agency relationship with nonfamily managers. Family Business Review, 16(2), 89–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2003.00089.x
Chung, H. M., & Chan, S. T. (2012). Ownership structure, family leadership, and performance of affiliate firms in large family business groups. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29, 303–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-011-9281-5
Chung, W. W., & Yuen, K. P. (2003). Management succession: A case for Chinese family-owned business. Management Decision, 41(7), 643–655. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740310495577
Conway, S. F., McDonagh, J., Farrell, M., & Kinsella, A. (2019). Human dynamics and the intergenerational farm transfer process in later life: A roadmap for future generational renewal in agriculture policy. International Journal of Agricultural Management, 8(1), 22–30.
Duh, M. (2014). Family business succession as knowledge creation process. Kybernetes, 43(5), 699–714. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-08-2013-0172
Dytczak, M., & Ginda, G. (2016). DEMATEL-based ranking approaches. The Central European Review of Economics and Management, 16(3), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.29015/cerem.226
Fang, C. C., Huang, S. W., Liou, J. J. H., & Tzeng, G. H. (2023). A model for successor selection and training in the family-owned traditional manufacturing businesses: Bi-fuzzy approaches of triangular fuzzy and single-valued neutrosophic set. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 25(3), 1256–1274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40815-022-01441-6
Ferrari, F. (2023). The postponed succession: An investigation of the obstacles hindering business transmission planning in family firms. Journal of Family Business Management, 13(2), 412–431. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-09-2020-0088
Franco, M., Nagilla, M., & Rodrigues, M. (2023). The presence of women in family SMEs’ succession process: A conceptual framework guided by gender perspective. Journal of Family Business Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-01-2022-0008
Gagné, M., Marwick, C., Brun de Pontet, S., & Wrosch, C. (2021). Family business succession: What’s motivation got to do with it? Family Business Review, 34(2), 154–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486519894759
Ge, B., & Campopiano, G. (2022). Knowledge management in family business succession: Current trends and future directions. Journal of Knowledge Management, 26(2), 326–349. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-09-2020-0701
Georgiou, T., Papasolomou, I., Vrontis, D., & Thrassou, A. (2023). Market-oriented succession effectiveness in family business–Case-based evidence from Cyprus family-owned wine business. Journal of Business Research, 165, Article 114050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114050
Gomez-Mejia, L. R., Cruz, C., Berrone, P., & De Castro, J. (2011). The bind that ties: Socioemotional wealth preservation in family firms. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 653–707. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2011.593320
Gupta, V., Levenburg, N. M., Moore, L. L., Motwani, J., & Schwarz, T. V. (2013). Organizational model of the Southern Asia cluster family businesses. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 1(2), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.21002/seam.v1i2.1787
Hannonen, T. (2013). Management succession in family-owned SMEs: Learning from failure. https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/11966
Hassan, A. M., & Bichanga, J. (2022). Analysis of succession planning and sustainability of family-owned businesses in Nairobi Metropolitan, Kenya. Journal of Strategic Management, 2(2), 16–35. https://doi.org/10.70619/vol2iss2pp16-35
Hidayati, A., Hermawan, A., & Soehadi, A. W. (2021). Intra-family succession insights: The presence of millennial cohort successors. Journal of Family Business Management, 11(1), 107–135. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-07-2019-0052
Kandade, K., Samara, G., Parada, M. J., & Dawson, A. (2021). From family successors to successful business leaders: A qualitative study of how high-quality relationships develop in family businesses. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 12(2), Article 100334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2019.100334
Kiwia, R. H., Bengesi, K. M., & Ndyetabula, D. W. (2020). Succession planning and performance of family-owned small and medium businesses in Arusha City–Tanzania. Journal of Family Business Management, 10(3), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-03-2019-0018
Lee, C. W., Chen, H. C., Peng, C. L., & Chen, S. H. (2023). Sustainability of Taiwanese SME family businesses in the succession decision-making agenda. Sustainability, 15(2), Article 1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021237
Lee, H. S., Tzeng, G. H., Yeih, W., Wang, Y. J., & Yang, S. C. (2013). Revised DEMATEL: resolving the infeasibility of DEMATEL. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(10–11), 6746–6757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2013.01.016
Li, J., Sun, J. Y., Wang, L., & Ke, J. (2020). Second-generation women entrepreneurs in Chinese family-owned businesses: Motivations, challenges, and opportunities. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 22(2), 124–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422320907043
Lim, E. N. K., Lubatkin, M. H., & Wiseman, R. M. (2010). A family firm variant of the behavioral agency theory. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 4(3), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.91
Liu, J. Y. (2018). An integrative conceptual framework for sustainable successions in family businesses: The case of Taiwan. Sustainability, 10(10), Article 3656. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103656
Magasi, C. (2021). Management succession planning and family-owned manufacturing businesses survival: The moderating role of firm’s background variables. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 10(8), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i8.1486
Mariotti, S., Marzano, R., & Piscitello, L. (2021). The role of family firms’ generational heterogeneity in the entry mode choice in foreign markets. Journal of Business Research, 132, 800–812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.064
Maseda, A., Iturralde, T., Cooper, S., & Aparicio, G. (2022). Mapping women’s involvement in family firms: A review based on bibliographic coupling analysis. International Journal of Management Reviews, 24(2), 279–305. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12278
Masyhuri, M. (2024). Can the behavioral agency model refine a standard agency theory? Journal of Enterprise and Development (JED), 6(2), 300–309. https://doi.org/10.20414/jed.v6i2.9695
Matias, C., & Franco, M. (2021). The role of the family council and protocol in planning the succession process in family firms. Journal of Family Business Management, 11(4), 440–461. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-01-2020-0004
Miroshnychenko, I., De Massis, A., Miller, D., & Barontini, R. (2021). Family business growth around the world. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(4), 682–708. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258720913028
Montcho, M., Padonou, E. A., Montcho, M., Mutua, M. N., & Bayen, P. (2023). Impact of land tenure on livelihoods of women livestock-keepers in Burkina Faso. Land Use Policy, 133, Article 106848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106848
Morgan, M., Okon, E. E., Amadi, C., Emu, W., & Ogar, A. (2021). Dynamic capabilities of family business: A catalyst for survival and growth. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(1), Article 137. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.12
Motylska-Kuzma, A., Szymanska, I., & Safin, K. (2023). Family influence and succession strategies in private businesses at the cusp of leadership change: Comparison between family firms and lone founder businesses. Journal of Family Business Management, 13(4), 955–989. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-04-2022-0056
Nwuke, O., & Adeola, O. (2023). Leadership transition and survival strategies for family-owned SMEs in an emerging economy. Journal of Family Business Management, 13(4), 1343–1365. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-01-2023-0004
Nwuke, O., Nwoye, C., & Onoyima, N. (2020). Family businesses, succession and survival strategies. In O. Adeola (Ed.), Advanced series in management (pp. 59–71). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1877-636120200000026005
Onwuzuligbo, L. T., & Aziwe, N. I. (2023). The link between culture and succession management among family-owned businesses in Anambra State, Nigeria. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research, 9(1), 58–69.
Overbeke, K. K., Bilimoria, D., & Perelli, S. (2015). The dearth of daughter successors in family businesses: Gendered norms, blindness to possibility, and invisibility. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 6(4), 208–218.
Ramírez-Pasillas, M., Lundberg, H., & Nordqvist, M. (2021). Next generation external venturing practices in family owned businesses. Journal of Management Studies, 58(1), 63–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12566
Rastogi, S., & Agrawal, R. (2010). Intention of offspring to join the family enterprise: a study of Indian businesses. Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship, 1(1), Article 5603. https://doi.org/10.3402/aie.v1i1.5641
Razzak, M. R. (2023). Emotions, identity, social bonds and commitment to the family business: Moderating role of controlling generation. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 15(6), 1392–1415. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-01-2022-0014
Rothwell, W. J., & Prescott, R. K. (2022). Succession planning for small and family businesses: Navigating successful transitions. CRC Press.
Rustam, A. R., & Narsa, I. M. (2021). Good corporate governance: A case study of family business in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(5), 69–79. https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202112748674858.pdf
Saan, R., Enu-Kwesi, F., & Nyewie, R. (2018). Enablers influencing succession planning for continuity of family-owned businesses in the Wa Municipality, Ghana. Universal Journal of Management, 6(5), 165–177. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2018.060504
Sabounji, S., & Imoniana, J. O. (2022). The similarities of judicial reorganization process of SMEs in financial distress: Cross-cultural analysis of France and Morocco during COVID-19. International Journal of Auditing Technology, 4(4), Article 292. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAUDIT.2022.129454
Schell, S., de Groote, J. K., Richard, S., Hack, A., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2023). The role of affect in the selection of nonfamily top management team members in family businesses. Long Range Planning, 56(5), Article 102288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102288
Schmidts, T., & Shepherd, D. (2015). Social identity and family business: Exploring family social capital. Journal of Family Business Management, 5(2), 157–181. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-04-2015-0018
Sorenson, R. L., & Milbrandt, J. M. (2023). Family Social capital in family business: A faith-based values theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 184(3), 701–724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05110-4
Somboonvechakarn, C., Taiphapoon, T., Anuntavoranich, P., & Sinthupinyo, S. (2022). Communicating innovation and sustainability in family businesses through successions. Heliyon, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11760
Tang, J. K. K., & Hussin, W. S. (2020). Next-generation leadership development: A management succession perspective. Journal of Family Business Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-04-2019-0024
Teixeira, S., Mota Veiga, P., Figueiredo, R., Fernandes, C., Ferreira, J. J., & Raposo, M. (2020). A systematic literature review on family business: Insights from an Asian context. Journal of Family Business Management, 10(4), 329–348. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-12-2019-0078
Tetteh, L. A., Aklamanu, A. M. K., Lamptey, L. L., Soku, M. G., Sunu, P., Muda, P., & Aneyire, T. K. (2022). Corporate governance and family-owned business performance: The role of strategic decision and succession planning. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 26, 1–19.
Ugoani, J. (2020). Management succession planning and its effect on organizational sustainability. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 6(2), 30–41. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3598097
Ugwu, F. I., & Enudu, T. O. (2022). Succession planning and the performance of family-owned business in Enugu state. Advance Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 6(4).
Upadhyaya, A., & Kuknor, S. (2023). Challenges faced by family-owned education institutions in Nepal in implementing effective succession planning strategies. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-04-2023-0151
Van Den Berghe, L. A. A., & Carchon, S. (2003). Agency relations within the family business system: An exploratory approach. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 11(3), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8683.00316
Woodman, J. M. (2017). Agency theory, behavioral agency model & stewardship theory and their relationship with succession in family firms: A literature review. Pontifical Catholic University of Peru.
Yew, J. L. K. (2020). Tacit knowledge and generational change: The China factor, enterprise development and Malaysian Chinese family SMEs in traditional food production. China Report, 56(1), 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009445519895624